Linux DTS是什么？如何使用？

Linux DTS（Device Tree Source）是一种描述硬件信息的数据结构，主要用于描述嵌入式系统中各个硬件设备的信息，包括设备的地址、中断、寄存器配置以及设备驱动等。在Linux内核中，DTS文件通常被用来描述板载设备的硬件信息，以便操作系统能够正确地识别和使用硬件设备。

DTS文件结构

一个典型的DTS文件如下所示：

/dts-v1/;

#include <imx6qdl-pico.dtsi>
#include <imx6qdl-pico-m4.dtsi>

/ {
    compatible = "fsl,imx6q-pico", "fsl,imx6q";
    
    model = "Boundary Devices i.MX6 Quad SABRE Lite";
    
    memory {
        device_type = "memory";
        reg = <0x10000000 0x40000000>;
    };
    
    chosen {
        compatible = "brcm,bcm2835";
        uart_boot = <&uart1>;
    };

    aliases {
        serial0 = &uart1;
    };

    soc {
        compatible = "simple-bus";
        #address-cells = <1>;
        #size-cells = <1>;
        ranges;
        
        gpio: gpio@0209c000 {
            compatible = "fsl,imx6ul-gpio";
            reg = <0x0209c000 0x1000>;
            interrupts = <GPIOn IRQn>;
            gpio-controller;
            #gpio-cells = <2>;
        };
    
    };
    
    uart1: serial@02020000 {
        compatible = "fsl,imx6q-uart", "fsl,imx21-uart";
        reg = <0x02020000 0x40000>;
        interrupts = <78>;
        clocks = <&clks 82>;
        clock-names = "ipg", "per";
        status = "okay";
    };
    
    sound {
        compatible = "fsl,imx6-sai";
        model = "imx6-sai";
        status = "okay";
        /* SSI1 */
        ssi@021d8000 {
            compatible = "fsl,imx6-sai";
            reg = <0x021d8000 0x4000>;
            interrupts = <0 125 0>;
            clocks = <&clks 2>;
            dmas = <&sdma 9 11 0>, <&sdma 10 11 0>, <&sdma 11 11 0>;
            dma-names = "tx", "rx", "mclk";
            status = "okay";
        };
    };
};